LAaG DSBA 2021/2022

Teachers and Assistants

Group	211 (M+P+)	212	213	214
Lecturer	Andrey Mazhuga
Teacher	Andrey Mazhuga	Nikita Medved		Galina Kaleeva
Schedule				Thursday, 9.30
Consultations	Wed, 17:00 -- 21:00, via Zoom One must notify me beforehand	Wednesday via Zoom, 17:00, (write @medvednikita beforehands) or Friday 14:20 after the seminar with 213 (same room or write me in telegram)		Saturday, 13:00, zoom May, 14th, 15.00 Sign up
Assistant	Белоновский Пётр pibelonovskiy@edu.hse.ru	Астанина Ксения kkastanina@edu.hse.ru	Королев Кирилл kkorolev1	Федорова Анна z_piranja
Course Assistant	Белоновский Пётр pibelonovskiy@edu.hse.ru

Course Description

The course introduces students to the elements of linear algebra and analytic geometry, provides the foundations for understanding some of the main concepts of modern mathematics. There is a strong emphasis in this course on complete proofs of almost all results.

We will approach the subject from both a practical point of view (learning methods and acquiring computational skills relevant for problem solving) and a theoretical point of view (learning a more abstract and theoretical approach that focuses on achieving a deep understanding of the different abstract concepts).

Topics covered include: matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, permutations, determinants, complex numbers, fields, abstract vector spaces, bilinear and quadratic forms, Euclidean spaces, some elements of analytic geometry, linear operators. It took mathematicians at least two hundred years to comprehend these objects. We plan to accomplish this in one year.

Grading system

During the academic year, the student will be formally graded on the following:

• two in-class oral tests (O₁ and O₂);
• two in-class written tests (W₁ and W₂);
• several quizzes (Q₁ and Q₂, where Q_i is the average grade of all the quizzes in the i-th semester);
• several homework assignments (H₁ and H₂, where H_i is the average grade of all the homework assignments in the i-th semester);
• two written exams (E₁ and E₂).

All grades (namely, O₁, O₂, W₁, W₂, Q₁, Q₂, H₁, H₂, E₁, and E₂) are real numbers from 0 to 10.

The cumulative course grade for the first semester, C₁, is obtained without rounding by the following formula:

C₁ = 5/16*O₁ + 4/16*W₁ + 4/16*Q₁ + 3/16*H₁.

The intermediate course grade for the first semester, I₁, is obtained by the following formula:

I₁ = Round₁(3/10*E₁ + 7/10*C₁),

where the function Round₁(x) is defined as follows: if the decimal part of x is less than 0.2, the grade is rounded downwards; if the decimal part of x is greater than 0.7, the grade is rounded upwards; if the decimal part of x is from the interval [0.2;0.7] and the student's seminar attendance during the first semester is not below 66%, the grade is rounded upwards; otherwise the grade is rounded downwards.

The cumulative course grade for the second semester, C₂, is obtained without rounding by the following formula:

C₂ = 5/16*O₂ + 4/16*W₂ + 4/16*Q₂ + 3/16*H₂.

The intermediate course grade for the second semester, I₂, is obtained by the following formula:

I₂ = Round₂(3/10*E₂ + 7/10*C₂),

where the function Round₂(x) is defined as Round₁(x) but with "during the first semester" replaced by "during the second semester".

The final grade for the course, F, is obtained by the following formula:

F = Round(1/4*I₁ + 3/4*I₂),

where the function Round(x) is defined as Round₁(x) but with "during the first semester" replaced by "during the academic year".

The final grade for the course is included in a diploma supplement.

Lecture Notes

Module 4

• Lecture 33 (14.06.2022) The cross product (Part II); main properties of the cross product; the mixed product; main properties of the mixed product.

• Lecture 32 (07.06.2022) Orientation on a vector space; the cross product; main properties of the cross product.

• Lecture 31 (31.05.2022) The distance and the volume in Euclidean spaces; the distance between two subsets of a Euclidean space; the volume of a paralleletop.

• Lecture 30 (24.05.2022) Orthogonality in Euclidian spaces; orthogonal and orthonormal sets and bases; Gram-Schmidt process; the orthogonal complement and its main properties; the projection and the rejection of a vector.

• Lecture 29 (17.05.2022) Euclidean spaces; scalar product; the norm of a vector; Cauchy–Schwarz inequality; the angle between two vectors; the Gram matrix and its main properties.

• Lecture 28 (26.04.2022) Quadratic forms (Part III); The Jacobi theorem; normal bases and the normal form of a quadratic form; the positive and negative indices of inertia, the signature of a quadratic form; the Sylvester law of inertia; positive (semi)-definite and negative (semi)-definite quadratic forms; the Sylvester criterion.

• Lecture 27 (19.04.2022) Quadratic forms (Part II); reduction of a quadratic form to canonical form; the Lagrange method.

• Lecture 26 (12.04.2022) Quadratic forms; associated bilinear form; coordinate matrix of a quadratic form; canonical basis and canonical form of a quadratic form.

• Lecture 25 (05.04.2022) Bilinear Forms; a coordinate matrix of a bilinear form; change-of-basis formula for bilinear forms; symmetric and skew-summetric bilinear forms. Quadratic forms; the associated bilinear form of a quadratic form.

Module 3

• Lecture 24 (22.03.2022) Linear operators (Part IV); Jordan matrix; Jordan normal form; Jordan basis; Jordan basis theorem (without proof); Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Linear Functionals; dual space; dual basis; isomorphism between V and V*.

• Lecture 23 (15.03.2022) Linear operators (Part III); diagonalizability of a linear operator; inequality between algebraic and geometric multiplicities; criteria of diagonalizability.

• Lecture 22 (05.03.2022) Linear operators (Part II); vector space of linear operators; the characteristic polynomial of a linear operator; algebraic and geometric multiplicity of an eigenvalue.

• Lecture 21 (22.02.2022) Linear operators; the rank, the determinant, and the trace of a linear operator; invariant subspaces; eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a linear operator.

• Lecture 20 (15.02.2022) Linear Transformations (Part III: injectivity and surjectivity of linear transformations) injective and surjective linear transformations; isomorphisms (=linear bijections) of vector spaces; the inverse of an isomorphism; the fact that two finite dimensional vector spaces are isomorphic if and only if they both have the same dimension.

• Lecture 19 (12.02.2022) Linear Transformations (Part II: matrix representation and change of basis); coordinate matrices of a linear transformation; coordinate matrix of a composition of linear transformations; change of basis.

• Lecture 18 (01.02.2022) Linear Transformations; main properties of linear transformations; the image and the kernel of a linear transformation; singular and non-singular linear transformations; the rank and the nullity of a linear transformation.

• Lecture 17 (25.01.2022) The rank of a matrix (Part II); we prove that the column rank equals the row rank.

• Lecture 16 (18.01.2022) The direct sum of subspaces; main properties of the direct sum; the rank of a matrix; column and row spaces of a matrix; column and row ranks of a matrix.

• Lecture 15 (11.01.2022) Main properties of change of basis matrices; the sum, the intersection, and the direct sum of vector subspaces; the dimension of the sum of two vector subspaces.

Module 2

• Lecture 14 (08.12.2021) Vector spaces (Part III); m-element subsets of an n-dimensional vector space; extension to a basis; the dimension of a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space; ordered basis; basis matrix; change of basis matrix.

• Lecture 13 (01.12.2021) Vector spaces (Part II); Main theorem on linear dependence; a basis of a vector space; dimension of a vector space; finite and infinite dimensional vector spaces; some main properties of finite dimensional vector spaces.

• Lecture 12 (24.11.2021) Vector spaces (Part I); a subspace of a vector space; linear combinations; the linear span; trivial and non-trivial linear combinations; linearly dependent and linearly independent sets.

• Lecture 11 (17.11.2021) Polynomials; the degree of a polynomial; division with remainder; a root of a polynomial; factor theorem; the multiplicity of a root; algebraically closed fields; fundamental theorem of algebra; interpolation polynomials in the Lagrange form.

• Lecture 10 (10.11.2021) Complex numbers (part II); main properties of the conjugate and the absolute value of a complex number; polar (= trigonometric) form of a complex number; de Moivre's Formula; the set of n-th roots of a complex number, its description.

• Lecture 9 (03.11.2021) The determinant of a Vandermonde matrix; fields; the field of complex munbers; Cartesian and algebraic forms of a complex number; the absolute value (=module) and the argument of a complex number, the complex conjugate.

• Lecture 8 (27.10.2021) Block matrices; the determinant of a block matrix; minors and cofactors of a matrix; Laplace expansion; false expansion; the adjugate of a matrix; Cramer's rule.

Module 1

• Lecture 7 (13.10.2021) Determinant of an elementary matrix; determinant of a product of matrices; determinant test for invertibility.

• Lecture 6 (06.10.2021) Determinant; the Leibniz Formula; Sarrus' Rule; determinant of matrix transpose; three main properties of the determinant; the determinant of a matrix with a zero row or column.

• Lecture 5 (29.09.2021) Permutations; two-line notation of a permutation; the sign of a permutation; even and odd permutation; transpositions.

• Lecture 4 (22.09.2021) Systems of linear equations (SoLE); homogeneous, inhomogeneous, consistent, and inconsistent SoLE; the matrix form of a SoLE; leading and free variables; the augmented matrix of a SoLE; a general algorithm for solving SoLE.

• Lecture 3 (15.09.2021) Elementary row matrix operations; elementary matrices; elementary row operations as matrix pre-multiplication; reduced row echelon form; Gaussian elimination.

• Lecture 2 (08.09.2021) Matrix transposition; symmetric and skew-symetric matrices; inverse of a matrix; invertible (non-singular) matrices; the trace of a matrix; main properties of matrix transposition, matrix inverse, and the trace.

• Lecture 1 (04.09.2021) Matrices, main definitions; special matrices (square matrices, triangular matrices, identity matrices, zero matrices); matrix scalar multiplication; matrix addition; matrix multiplication; main properties of these operations.

Seminar Notes

Module 1

Group 211:

• [ S 1] (XX.09.2021)

Group 212 & 213:

• A playlist from Study Office with some of our seminars
• A folder with new seminars

Group 214:

• Seminars and home assignments

Homework

The obligatory homework for group 211:

Module 4

• HW 29 (release: 29.05.2022; deadline: 05.06.2022)
• HW 28 (release: 22.05.2022; deadline: 29.05.2022)
• HW 27 (release: 07.05.2022; deadline: 15.05.2022)
• HW 26 (release: 24.04.2022; deadline: 01.05.2022)
• HW 25 (release: 17.04.2022; deadline: 24.04.2022)
• HW 24 (release: 10.04.2022; deadline: 17.04.2022)

Module 3

• HW 22 (release: 19.03.2022; deadline: 27.03.2022)
• HW 21 (release: 06.03.2022; deadline: 13.03.2022)
• HW 20 (release: 27.02.2022; deadline: 06.03.2022)
• HW 19 (release: 20.02.2022; deadline: 27.02.2022)
• HW 18 (release: 13.02.2022; deadline: 20.02.2022)
• HW 17 (release: 06.02.2022; deadline: 13.02.2022)
• HW 16 (release: 29.01.2022; deadline: 06.02.2022)
• HW 15 (release: 22.01.2022; deadline: 30.01.2022)
• HW 14 (release: 14.01.2022; deadline: 23.01.2022)

Module 2

• HW 11 (release: 28.11.2021; deadline: 05.12.2021)
• HW 10 (release: 19.11.2021; deadline: 26.11.2021)
• HW 9 (release: 15.11.2021; deadline: 22.11.2021)
• HW 8 (release: 31.10.2021; deadline: 12.11.2021)

Module 1

• HW 7 (release: 18.10.2021; deadline: 31.10.2021)
• HW 6 (release: 11.10.2021; deadline: 29.10.2021)
• HW 5 (release: 07.10.2021; deadline: 15.10.2021)
• HW 4 (release: 30.09.2021; deadline: 08.10.2021)
• HW 3 (release: 26.09.2021; deadline: 01.10.2021)
• HW 2 (release: 16.09.2021; deadline: 24.09.2021)
• HW 1 (release: 08.09.2021; deadline: 17.09.2021)

The obligatory homework for groups 212 and 213:

Module 3

• HW 27 (release: 28.05.2022; deadline: 04.05.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 26 (release: 13.05.2022; deadline: 21.05.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 25 (release: 03.05.2022; deadline: 14.05.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 24 (release: 23.04.2022; deadline: 01.05.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 23 (release: 09.04.2022; deadline: 16.04.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 22 (release: 19.03.2022; deadline: 26.03.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 21 (release: 12.03.2022; deadline: 19.03.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 20 (release: 05.03.2022; deadline: 12.03.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 19 (release: 26.02.2022; deadline: 04.03.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 18 (release: 18.02.2022; deadline: 25.02.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 17 (release: 08.02.2022; deadline: 14.02.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 16 (release: 23.01.2022; deadline: 31.01.2022, 9 a.m.)
• HW 15 (release: 15.01.2022; deadline: 22.01.2022, 9 a.m.)

Module 2

• HW 13 (release: 10.12.2021; deadline: 18.12.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 12 (release: 07.12.2021; deadline: 13.12.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 11 (release: 26.11.2021; deadline: 06.12.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 9+10 (release: 20.11.2021; deadline: 30.11.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 8 (release: 06.11.2021; deadline: 15.11.2021, 9 a. m.)

Module 1

• HW 7: does not exist
• HW 6 (release: 13.10.2021; deadline: 29.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 5 (release: 13.10.2021; deadline: 21.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 4 (release: 02.10.2021; deadline: 09.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 3 (release: 24.09.2021; deadline: 01.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 2 (release: 17.09.2021; deadline: 24.09.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 1 (release: 10.09.2021; deadline: 17.09.2021)

The obligatory homework for group 214:

Send your works to Google classroom: link (access code: o6k7hsj)

Module 4

• HW 25 (release: 12.06.2022; deadline: 19.06.2022, 9 a. m.)
• HW 24 (release: 27.05.2022; deadline: 04.06.2022, 9 a. m.)
• HW 23 (release: 18.05.2022; deadline: 26.05.2022, 9 a. m.)
• HW 21-22 (release: 2.05.2022; deadline: 12.05.2022, 9 a. m.)
• HW 20 (release: 12.04.2022; deadline: 19.04.2022, 9 a. m.)

Module 3

• HW 18-19 (release: 14.03.2022; deadline: 27.03.2022, 9 a. m.)
• HW 16-17 (release: 20.02.2022; deadline: 3.03.2022, 9 a. m.)
• HW 15 (release: 12.01.2022; deadline: 19.01.2022, 9 a. m.)

Module 2

• HW 12 (release: 6.12.2021; deadline: 14.12.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 11 (release: 27.11.2021; deadline: 5.12.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 9-10 (release: 19.11.2021; deadline: 30.11.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 7-8 (release: 01.11.2021; deadline: 16.11.2021, 9 a. m.)

Module 1

• HW 6 (release: 13.10.2021; deadline: 21.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 5 (release: 7.10.2021; deadline: 15.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 4 (release: 1.10.2021; deadline: 09.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 3 (release: 23.09.2021; deadline: 01.10.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 2 (release: 16.09.2021; deadline: 24.09.2021, 9 a. m.)
• HW 1 (release: 09.09.2021; deadline: 17.09.2021, 9 a. m.)

Results

Results of the first semester should be available in SmartLMS.

Results of the second semester: 212 and 213 214